System of electrical distribution and regulation.



F. CONRAD. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION AND REGULATION.

APPLICATION FILED JI ILY 9,1906. 1, 1 1 2,438. Patented Oct. 6, 1914.

- Iii-El m r l r m'mnml j WITNESSES.

INVENTOR S, Y QMQMWW UNIT-ED STATE$123ETOFFICE.

rRAnx CONRAD, or swIssvALE, IIEENNSYILYANIA, ASSIGNOR 'ro wn'srmenoosn nLnc'rnIc & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, n CORPORATION or BENNSYLVANIA? srs'rn' u or ELECTRICAL DISTR BUTION AND nnsmiarron- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK CONRAgLa ci tizen of the United States, and a resident'ot Swis'svale, 'in the count of Allegheny and Stateof Pennsylvania, lave. invented a new and useful Improvement in Systems of Electrical Distribution and Regulation, of which the following is a specification.

- circuit may be maintainedsubstantially con- My invention relates to means for remilating the voltage'and the charging and disstant and the voltage applied to the circuit by the storage battery may also bemaintainedsubstantially constant whether it is fully or only partially charged.

A storage'batteryfrequently employed in combination with another source of en ergy for the purpose of supplying variable amounts of current to a distributing circuit,

the storage battery charging when the current required by thecircuit is less than a predetermined amount and discharging when it'is greater than the predetermined amount; In such systems, the main source of energy need not be of sutficientcapacity to supply the maximumamount of current re qlured by the circuit, but only of a sufficient capacity to supply the average required amount. An inherent disadvantage in the use of-a storage battery, however, has been thatwhen-it is fully charged the voltage is a boostergen'erator in circuit withithe battery and to so regulate the value and ,direc-- higher than when it. isnearly discharged, anda variable voltage may, therefore. ,be

"- impressedftherehy upon a circuit to which it IS connected. a

'-In orderthat the voltage applied to a circuit by a storage battery may be maintained substantiallyconstant, I propose to connect tion "of theblectromotive fore'th ereof that it will 'eitherisupplement or oppose that of the-battery by an amount that is dependent upon the-amount of: current traversing the circuit andthe condition-and voltage-of the battery. 1

The singleligure of the accompanying.

drawing is a'diagrammatlc viewof a system that embodies my 1nvent1on.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filedlliuly a; 19cc. Serial No. 325,291.

- Patented oat. 19141.

Electrical circuit conductors 1,and v.2,.t0 .vlnch are connected suitable translating-devices ,3 that may.reqi iire variable amounts of current durin their operation, are. supplied with energy from a suitable main source, such as a generator ,4, and from, a

storagebattery 5. Aijn'iature 6 of a booster generator is connected in series Withthe battery and may beoperated'by ainotor 7 that is supplied with energy. from the conductors T 1. and 2, or -it may be suitable means. The 'inotor 7, or "other means employed for driving the armature 6,

operatedby some other;

mayalso be adapt-ed to operate the armature 8 of an exciter that supplies -energy to field magnet winding'S) of the booster generator, in circuit with which is interposeda rheostat 10 in order that manual adjustment of the field excitation-of. the booster generator maybe effected. It Will,of course,

be understood. that the exciter, may be operat'ed by adifierent means from that which drives the booster generator, though-it will usually be found most convenient perating the armatures of both machines.

The exciter provided with famain fieldoemploy A a motor, such as that indicated. 113 57, foropries with arrheost'at 12, for. etlecting manual adjustment of the excita'ticn thereof, and.

across terminals of the ar ature '8, and is also provided With t\vo ail-x iliary field Inagnet windings 13 and 14",{jthe magnetizing effects of whichare arranged to oppose each ary contactterminals 17 an 18, that-are other. The auxiliary field magnet windings 1 13 and 14 are connected, respectively,- inseries with resistances 15 and 16 andacross the circuit conductors'l and 2, and the-re'-- sistances are adapted to be short-circuited by means of a device comprisin two station connected, respectively, to terminals of the resistances 15 "and 16, and. a movable contact terminal 19 that is adapted to be vibrated between the stationary contact terminals by means of a pivoted arm 20. Tl1e ampere turns of the 'field magnet Winding. 11 being insuflicient tofully excite the field, it becomes fullyexcitedpn'ly when one of the resistances :15 and 16 is short-circuited. Thenumbers 'ofvampere turns of theauxiliary, field magnet windings are such that when one of the resistances is short-circuited and the corresponding field magnet winding opmanent magnet 27 poses the magnetizing action of the-main field magnet winding, the polarity of the field may be reversed thereby; that is, the auxiliary field magnetwindings must have sufiicient ampere turns to overcomethe residual-magne'tization oi the field.

The arm 20 is normally maintainedin its uppermost position by means of a spring 21 and is moved; to its l'owermostositi'on by means of a'magnet having a winding 22,0ne.

terminal of which is connected-to gcireuit conductor 1 and the other terminal to r a T-shaped device 23 that is, pivoted at 23 and v that carries'a contact terminal 24 at the free end of the'main' bar, The cross-bar of the T -shaped device is adapted to occupya vertical position in which it is normallymaintained by means of a spring 25, and'it carries atits upperenda flat coil 26that is connected across the terminals of the exciter armature 8. One side of the coil 26 is located between the opposing faces of a" per-- and, when -.the -coil is energized, it will be moved either to the uthe coil- 26.

' ductor 2 between the points of connection right onto theleft by theelectro-magnetic action "between the co l and the magnet, according to the direction ofcurrentfiow The contact terminal 24 .is adapted to engage another movablecontact terminal 28'. that is-carried atone end of a vlever 29 having a circuit connection to conductor 2, the contact terminal 24 and 28 .cooperatingto' govern the circuit of the magnetwinding 22.

The lever 29'.is adapted-to be operated, against the force of a spring 30, by means of an electro-magnet having a winding 31 that is connected inseries with circuit conthereto of the 'generatnr and. the battery 5. Thus, the position of the contact terminal 28,

4 and the distance throughwhich the contact terminal 24 must be moved in order'to eflect engagement of the two'terminals, is caused to depend upon the amount ofcurr'ent which traverses the lconductor'2 between the generator 4*and the storage'battery 5.

lVhen' the battery' 'is supplying current to the circuit tosupplement that. supplied-by the generator, and its yoltage equals that of the circuit, the booster is not required'to either supplement or oppose the battery voltage and, consequently, its 'voltage shouldbezero: That is,,cthe average1 field excitation of the booster-and that of its exciter should be nil. In order to obtain zero average field excitation in the exciter, the auxiliary field magnet windings should either be "equally energized or the average excitations afiorded thereby should be equal. [The latter condition is obtained in the present instance by causing a vibratory movement of the lever 20, which thereby moves the contact terminal 19 into engagement with the stationary ten mi; i7 and 18 alternately for equal periods time? Suppose that, fora mo.

ment, the movable contact terminals 24 and 28.21re 'invery close proximity, but out of I engagement Then, since the circuit'of-th'e,

magn'et 'winding 22 is open, the contact terminai 19 will be moved into engagement with the stationary terminal l 8-by the spring 21, and auxiliary'field magnet winding 14 e more strongly excited than the wind ing-13v because of .the shunting of the re-' will b SlStfiIlCGlG in series therewith. This will cause the exciter to generate a voltage in such a direction that the booster voltage will oppose that of the battery. The current in the coil 26 will then-be in 'such a direction that the coil will be repelled to- Wardthe'left by terminal 24 will consequently be lowered into engagement with the terminal 28. At the same time, the current supplied by the main generator -to the circuit increases slightly and causes stronger energization of the magnet winding 31, which will-cause the lower terminal 28 to be moved upward andthereby assist in eifecting engagement of the contact terminals 24 and 28. The magnet winding 22 then becomes energizedand contact terminal '19 is moved downward into engagement with stationary terminal'.17. The field magnet winding 13 thereupon becomes more strongly energized than the winding 14 and tact terminal 24 being thereby moved upward. The current supplied to the conductors 1 and 2 by the generator 4 then decreases slightly in amount,and the contact terminal 28 is moved downward by the spring 30 because of the reduced energization of the'magnet winding 31. The contact terminals 24 and 28 are thus separated the permanent magnet, against the action of the spring 25, and the I i and the system continues to operate sub- 'stantially -inthe'manner set forth, so long as the voltage of the battery remains approximately equal to that of the circuit supplied-therefrom and the current traversing the circuit remains substantially constant.

be understood that, in

It will, of course, practical operation, the contact tern1inal'l9 will vibrate more or less rapidly between the stationary contaetjerminals 17 and 18 and that the contact terminals 24 and 28 will i also be moved into and out -of engagement at a corresponding rate. The fluctuations of the current that traverses the conductor 2 and of the exciter voltage will ordinarily occur between --'.'ery.narrow limits, andthe fluctuations in the voltage of the booster generator will be scarcely noticea -under."

the periods of engagement will consequently be longer than'qwasjpreviously the case.

i The periods of engagementcf the movable contact terminal'JS withthe stationary ter minal'l 'i will then be longer than the periods during which it engages the. stationary terminal '18, so that the average excitation of the" -auxi lia1'y field magnet winding 13 will bd"greate'r than that of the Winding 1i, and the'magnetization of the field magnet 2o winding 9 of the booster generator will beof such strength. and polarity that the voltage of-v the circuitwill bemaintained substan;

tially constant. 1 1 V It'IwilL'of course, nderstood that when f2 5 the loaduponVt-he circuitdecreases, the contact terminal 28 isilowred, because .of the reduced eifiergizationfof the magnet winding '31, and engagement thereof with contact terminal '24 occurs later and the periods 30] of engagement are correspondingly shorter.

Then, in a manner which. will readily be understood from the foregoing description, the .yoltage of the booster generator-will be i decreased tosuch' adegree that the voltage 1 between the conductors 1 and 2 will be main- ,tairied substantially constant.- If the voltage of thelbatteryexcecds that of the circuit when it supplies current there- ,to, the battery, 'beca use oi: its higher volt-.

age, tends to supply more than its proportionate; amount of current, and the amount supplied ,by the generator is correspondingly-reduced Contact terminal 28 1s consequently lowered and the" period of time during which-the contact terminal 19 3 engages stationaryterrninal 18, is longer than thatdurin which it-engages the stationa'ry termina '17, because the distance through which the contact terminal 24 must bejmoved by means of the coil 26- in order to cause engagement thereof with cbntact terminal 28 is increased. l The average excitation of the booster field magnet winding 9 will then be of such strength and polarity 66 that the booster voltage will oppose thatof .thc'zbattery by an amount approximately equal to the,diiference between the voltage of the circuit and-that of the-battery, 4

It will also be understood that if the comac .bined -battery and booster voltage less d than that of the circuit, contact terminal 281.

will beslightly raised because o th? end5 ency' ofthe generator to supply more-than its pgoportion gt'itheourrent-to inc-circuit, rea;i i =e,; eet ette mi e a quired to move a correspondingly shorter distance in .order tovmake engagement with contact terminal 28, contact terminal 19 will be maintainedin engagementwith stationary terminal 17 for longer periods of time 70 than with the stationary terminal 18. The average excitation'of thebooster field magnet winding 9 will then be of such strengthand polarity that the booster armature will generate a -\-'oltageequal to the difference 5 between the circuit voltage andthat of the battery. V v If the amount of current required by the translating devices 3 is equal to or less than. t that which can be supplied-by the generator l, the battery willbe charged from the circuit conductors l and 2 at a rate that is dependent upon the amount of current supplied to the" circuit by the generator 4f. lfhe contact terminal 28- is then lowered, on ac- 5. count of the decrease in the'amount'of current that, traverses the conductor 2, and contact terminal 24 is consequently required to move a greater distance in order-to come: into engagement therewith, so that contact 9 terminal '19 is maintained in engagement with stationary terminals 18 for longer periods of-time than with stationary terminals I 17. From the foregoing description, it will be understood that the booster voltage will 5 oppose that of the battery and thereby help overcome the internal resistance of the battery and assist in effecting charging thereof. The arrangement of the circuits and the characters and modes of operation of the 1 various devices of the system'may be considerably varied without altering the mode of operation of the invention or-departing from its spirit, and I desire that all such modifications shall be included within its scope.

I claim asmy invention: 1. The combination with an electrical circuit, and a dynamo-electric machine connccted thereto, of an exciter generator for supplying the field magnet winding of the dynamo-electric machine having a main field magnet winding and two auxiliary field magnet windings arranged to iact in opposition, resistances in circuit, respectively, 1-15 with the auxiliary field magnet windings," and means for shunting the one or the other of the resistances that is responsive in operation to variations in the current traversing said circuit. g 2, The combination with an electrical ci'rcuit, and a' dynamo-electric machine 'con--- nected thereto, of an exciter generator Ettore supplying the field magnetwinding of the ynaano-electric machine haying a main field 1'25 magnet. winding and two auxiliary field 'magnet'windings arranged to act in opposi-j' tion, resistances-in circuit, respectively, with the auxiliary field magnet windings, and ;n1eans forJshunting theone or the Quasar 13b wm..... V

tion to variations in the the resistances thatis responsive in op'era-' current traversing said circuit and to thevoltage'of the exciter circuit. 7 I I 3. The combination with an electrical cir-- 'cuit, and' a dynamo-electr1c machine-connected:thereto,-of an exciter-for the ,field Emagnet winding of the dynamo-electric machine-havin 'a main field magnetvwinding and two auxiliary field magnet. wind ngs ar- -ranged::to-. act in opposition, resistances in circuit, resp ectively, magnet windings, and means for shunting the one or the other of the-resistancescomprising -co -acting contact terminals one of Whichis'responsive in operation to variations ofi-current in 'said circuit.

v 4. The combination with an electrical'circuit, and a dynamo-electric machine con the one or the other of prising co-acting contact terminals that .are

nected thereto, of an exciter for the field magnet winding of the dynamo-electric'ma chine having .a main field magnet wlndlng and two auxiliary field magnet windings ar- -ranged to act in opposition,- resistances in circuit, respectively, with the auxiliary field magnet windings, and means for shunting the resistances comresponsive in operation, respectively, to va-' riations of current insaid circuit and to the voltage of the cxciter' circuit.

The combination with an electrical circuit, a storage battery and a booster generator connected thereto, ofan exciter generator for supplying the field magnet Winding of the booster generator having twofield magnet windings arranged-tenet in opposition, resistances respectively in circuit therewith, and means for shunting the one or the other of the resistances that is responslve in operation tovariations in the current that traverses said circuit. v I

6. The combination with an electrical circuit, astorage battery and a booster generator connected thereto,of an exciter. generator. for supplying the field magnet winding of the booster generator having two field'magnet of tlie bo'oster generator windings arranged to act in opposition, resistances respectively in circuit therewith, and means for-shunting the one or the other of the resistances that-is-res'ponsive in operation to variations in the .current that traverses said circuit and to-the voltage of the exciter circuit. 7. The combination with an elect'rical circuit, a storage battery and a booster generator connected thereto, of an. exciter-generator for supplying the field magnet winding having a. main field magnet winding and magnet windings arranged to act 1n opposi-t .tion, and means for causing the one or the I as other of the auxiliary junction w th, or in winding;

windings toact in conopposition to, the main with'jthe auxiliary field two auxiliary field 1zation thereofor -8. The combination with an electrical cir wit, a storage battery and a booster generator connected thereto, of an exciter generator for supplying the field magnet winding of the booster generator having a mairr'fieldf magnet winding and two auxiliaryfield1 magnet windings arranged to act in oppesithan, and means for causing the one or the other of the junctionwith the main opposition thereto, and versal ofthe polarity of the filed magnetism so that the main and auxiliary windings may thereafter act inconjunction. v

" The combination with an clectrical'cir 'cuit,'a storage battery, and a booster generator connected thereto, of an exciter generator winding, or to actin auxiliary windings to act in -conto thereby effect re-- having field magnet'windingsarranged to -act in opposition,"and means for adjusting the magnetizing effects ofsaidwindings in response to variations in'the current traversing said circuit and to the voltage of the v excit'er generator.

10. A, system of distributioncomprising an electrical circuit, a storage battery',-agengrater-having a main field magnet winding and two auxiliary field magnet windings,

and 'mea-ns for so adjusting the magnetizing effects of the auxiliary field magnet windings as to cause either neutralor the other.

"preponderance of the one l IL A system ofclistribution comprising an electrical circuit, a storage battery, a generator having a mainfield magnet Winding and two auxiliary field magnet windings, and means for so adjusting the relative magnetizing effects of the auxiliary field magnet-windings as to cause either neutralization thereof or preponderance of the onegeneratorhavinga main field magnet windngandtwo auxiliary field magnet windmgs, and means, responsive in operationto" electrical variations in said circuit, for so adjusting the relative magnetizing effects oi the auxiliary field magnet windings as to cause ither neutralization thereof or pre ,ponderance of the oneor'the other, and to thereby govern the direction and value of the electromotlve force of the generator.

i-QA system of distribution comprising an. electrical -'circuit, a storage battery, a genera-tor havingv a main field magnet windm and two auxiliary field magnet windings, and means, responsive in operation to electrical, variations u'iysaid circu t, for so adjusting the relative magnetizing efi'ects -01: the auxiliary- ;eld magnet windings as to govern the (liIjQCtlCIl'fillCl value of-ythe electroinotive force of the generator.

l5. i\ system of distribution comprising anelectrical circuit, a storage battery, a generator havin two field -inagnct windiii'gs, and infeans or so adjusting the relative 'n'ia gnetizii rg efi'ects thcreof ais to cause either neutralization thereof or preponderance 10f the me or ,the other, the said means being -an, electrical circuit, al storage battery, in

responsive inoperation to variations of the amount of currenttra 'ersingdhe circuit and of the -i'oltage ofthe generator. I l

16. A- system of distribution"comprising generator associated thercw-ith, an exciter fortl 'e generator, and means for governing the direction and value of the generator clectromotive farce, the said means being 'respbnsiyc in operatioir'te variations of the aniountmf current traversi igtlie circuit and of the "voltage of the ex'ci'tcr.

17. A system ofdistribution comprising an electrical circuit, a .st-0rage battery, a generator having two field magnet .windings, resist-ances rcspeetivel y in circuit with the field magnet windings, and means for adjusting the, efi'ective 'vaJ-aes of the said resistances in order to cause either nuetralization, 'orpreponderance oft-he one or the il1(3], 0f the magnetizing c'llects'of the'field magnet-windiugs, the said means being responsiie inopcraiion to variations of the amount 'of' current traversing the circuit and of the, voltage of the generator. V 18. A system of distribution comprising an electrical circuit, a storage battery, a

generator having a 11in in field magnet winding and two auxiliary field "magnet windii-igis, resistances XQSIJOCiZlYBi' ncircuitwith l i'liii:t11 il-iary field magnet Ew/i idings, and

.sistances;l tl 5 in operation-to variatiiins of the ,amount of gine'aiisi responsive n opeiattion-"to electrical variations in said circui for adjusting the efiectiv eivalues olt' the? said nesistances in orderto mins'eeitlier neutralization, or prepomleran ce of the one or theother, of the magnetizing efl'eo'ts of, the. auxiliary field magnet w' indings. i v

3; A system fd stribution comprising an'electriciil i a storage battery, a generator associate therewith, an BXCltGI toi the generator having two. field magnet windings, resistances -iespectively in circuit with, 'tlieg field ;it agnetgavin dings, and meansv tor adjusting the etfcctivelvalues of said rerid neans' being responsive with the current traversing the circuit and of the volt-age of tie exciter. f i i 20. A system of distributioncomprising an electrical circuit-,h storage battery, a generator. associated therewith, an excit er" for the generator having a main field magnctfwindingandtwo auxiliary field magnet windings resistances respectively in circuit iniliary field magnet windings, and mean. for ad usting theefi'ective values of the said-resistances, the said means being responsive in operation to variations of the amount 01" current traversing the circuit and of the voltage of the'exciter.

21. system of distribution comprising an electrical circuit, a" storage battery, it generator having a main'ffield magnet wind' i g ti iclftw -iauxiliary field magnetyvindp, and means, responsive in operation to t mala'ariations in said circuit, for adhc' relative anagneti'zing effects of i'ary field/magnet windings; 2;. A system f-{distribution comprisingan electrical circuit, a storage battery, a generator having} two field magnet windings, and means for adjustingthe relative 9'0 magnetizing effects thereof in response to variations of the current traversing the-circuit and of the voltage of the generator.

A system of distribution comprising an electrical circuit, 'astorage battery, :1,

generatorliaviiig two fieldmagnet 'windings, resistances respectively in circuittherewith, and means for adjusting the effective v uis of the resistances in response to variations of the current traversing the 109 circuit and of the voltage of the genera-tori 2%. In a dynaino-electric machine, the combination of differential windings in the field said machine, a resister included in circuit of one of said windings, and means for rapidly opening and closing a shunt around said resister and for controlling'the relative length of the interval during which said shunt is closed.

"25. In combinatioma dynamoelectric nia- 110 chine, and means for alternately applying 120 the field of said machine a maximum. and

a minimum excitation and forva'rying the polarity and relative duration of such maximum and minimum excitation I y 26. In coinbination, a storage battery and its complementarybooster and connections, with means for alternately applying to the i field of the booster a maximum and a minimum excitation and for varying the polarity and relative duration of such maximum-and 'H'llnllnlllli excitation, I

27. Iii con'ibination, the field winding-of a dynanio-clectric machine, means for al-- ternately applying to said field- Winding a maximum and a minimum excitation, and electro-responsivc means responsive to changes in the electrical condition of an tion.

7 main circuit, of an exciter for the booster, provided with a field circuit having resist- Corrections inLettersPatent No.1,] 12,438

electric circuit for causing the aforesaid means to vary the polarlty and reiatlve duration of maximum and'nnnnniun exc1ta- 28. In combination, a storage battery and its complemental booster and connections, means for alternately applying to'the field winding of the booster a maximum and a minimum excitation, and .means for causing the aforesaid means to vary. the polarity and relative duration of maximum and minimum excitation.

29. In a system of distribution, the combination with a storage battery and a booster in series therewith connected across a circuit, of an exciter for the booster, and a regulator forcontrolling the field of the exciter 'comprisingmeans responsive to load on the system, and means coiiperating therewith responsive to voltage on the 'exciter circuit. i p

30. In a system of distribution, the combination with a storage battery and abooster in series therewith connected across a circuit, of an exciter for the booster, a field coil for the exciter, cooperating contacts for controlling the duration of flow of current through said field coil, means responsive to load on said system for controlling one of said contacts, and means responsive to voltage on the exciter circuit for controlling the other contact.

31. In a system of distribution, the com bination with a storage battery and a booster in. series therewith connected across a- It is hereby certified that in Letters [smn] ance, a pair of contacts for varying the resistance of the field circuit ofthe exciter, a regulating coil connected in series -with the main circuit for controlling one contact, and an cxciter coil in shunt to the exciter circuit for controlling the other contact.

32. In combination, the field winding of a dynamo-electric machine, means for alternately applying to said field Winding a maximum and minimum excitation and means for causing the aforesaid means to vary the polarity and relative duration of maximum and nnnnnum excitation.

In combination, the field winding of a dynamo-electric machine, means-for alternately applying ,to said field Winding a maximum and ,aminimum excitation,,and electro-responsire means for causing the aforesaid means to vary the relative number of applications of maximum and minimumexeitation in a given time.

34. In combination, a storage battery and its complemental booster and connections, means for alternately applying to the field winding'of the booster a maximum and a minimum excitation, and means for causing 'the aforesaid means to vary the number of. applications of max mum and minimum excitation in, a given time.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name th1s 29th day of June, 1906. i

FRANK eoNRAn Witnesses:

(3. AALBORG, c- BmNnY HINES.

Patent No."1,l12,438, granted October, 6,

1914, upon the application of Frank Conrad, of Swissvale, Pennsylvania, for an improvement in- Systemsof Electrical Distribution and Regulation, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as folloyvs:'Page 2, line 33, for, the word terminal read tmm' walgvpa ge 4, line 7 7, for the word filediread field; page 5, lines 36-37, for the word nuetralization read neutralization; and that the said Letters Patent should be with these, correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent office.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of November, a; 11,1914.

R; F. WHITEHEAD, Acting of Patents. 

